Analyzing the African Union's Commitment to Its Protective Obligations Amidst the Tigray War in Ethiopia

Abstract

This study comprehensively analyzes the African Union's (AU) response to the Tigray War in Ethiopia, focusing on its adherence to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine amid profound political and humanitarian crises. Erupting in November 2020, the conflict has resulted in extensive humanitarian disasters, often characterized by terms such as genocidal war, total war, and ethnic cleansing. Regardless of the various labels attributed to the war, it is one of the most catastrophic conflicts of the modern era, leading to unprecedented humanitarian challenges in the 21st century.

Widespread human rights violations—including ethnic cleansing, systemic sexual violence, extrajudicial killings, and the deliberate destruction of civilian infrastructure—have been exacerbated by the involvement of multiple armed factions. This study employs a qualitative methodology centered on document analysis, drawing from academic articles, institutional publications, and reports to assess the AU's actions and the implications of its response.

The findings reveal that the AU's initial complicity with the Ethiopian government and its sluggish diplomatic engagement have culminated in an inadequate humanitarian response, raising critical concerns regarding accountability and the organization's credibility in fulfilling its protective mandate. This study underscores the imperative for the AU to reassess its conflict resolution and humanitarian intervention strategies, advocating for a more assertive approach and strengthened collaboration with international partners in addressing such devastating conflicts. The insights drawn from this research are essential for guiding future AU interventions and enhancing regional stability, emphasizing the urgent need for effective mechanisms to safeguard vulnerable populations in crises.