The Long-Term Psychosocial Experiences of Survivors of the Hawzen Aerial Bombardment in 1988

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the long-term adverse psychosocial experiences of survivors of the Hawzen aerial bombardment over time. Using a phenomenological approach, the study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 purposively selected survivors, and the data were analyzed thematically. Three key themes emerged: psychological impact, social impact, and coping strategies. The study found that, despite the aerial bombardment occurring over thirty years ago, survivors continue to experience significant psychological and social challenges, with the trauma remaining salient in their daily lives. Furthermore, the study found that survivors employed various coping mechanisms. Emotionally, they used crying, expressed their feelings through conversation, and sought emotional support from others. In terms of problem-focused coping, religious practices such as praying and attending church or mosque provided emotional relief. These findings highlight the crucial role of social support and spirituality in helping survivors cope with the aftermath of trauma. The absence of formal psychosocial interventions following the event has contributed to the persistence of psychological difficulties and hindered recovery. The study acknowledges recall bias as a limitation, which may have influenced the accuracy of participants' recollections. Overall, the findings underscore the need for comprehensive psychosocial support for the survivors. Given the limited sample size and available resources, this study advocates for further large-scale qualitative and quantitative research to deepen the understanding of the long-term effects of trauma and inform effective interventions for conflict-affected populations.