The Socio-Economic Impacts of Irregular Migration among the Raya People of Southern Tigray

An Ethnographic Account

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic impacts of irregular migration on families and communities in Hashenge, a rural area in Ofla Wereda, Southern Tigray of Ethiopia. The research employed a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions in order to capture both migration patterns and lived experiences. The focus of the study was on four Kushets (Debri, Mewura, Deteri, and Adobomossa), where participants were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The study is guided by the new economics labor migration theory, social network theory, and the theory of push and pull factors. The findings indicate that irregular migration has been particularly common among young people, predominantly men between the ages of 15 and 35 with limited formal education. Hence, the study found out that migration is largely driven by a combination of push and pull factors. Irregular migration results in both positive and negative socio-economic outcomes. While remittances improve household income and living conditions for some families, migration also generates labor shortages, family disruptions, and social challenges within the community. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the local government and relevant stakeholders should enhance local economic opportunities, strengthen psycho-social support services, and promote peace consolidation as part of a comprehensive response to irregular migration.