Ofera: A Community Support and Mutual Help System of the Raya People in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

Abstract

This qualitative ethnographic study was conducted among communities of Lake Hashenge located in Southern Tigray. To meet the objectives, samples were selected from Debri, Mewura, Deteri, and Adobomossa using a purposive sampling technique, as Ofera was frequently held in these areas. To investigate the cultural practice, specific data collection tools, including Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and Participant observation, were used. Ofera takes place during plowing, weeding, and harvesting seasons and is a highly organized set of activities based on specific roles assigned to men and women. While females mainly take the role of food preparation, males focus on agricultural activities. Ofera plays a crucial role in boosting productivity, given its energy and time-saving functions and its potential in building strong social capital. Ofera is also instrumental in mitigating the effects of natural disasters due to climate change impacts. It helps build community resilience because the activities are centered around poor and vulnerable households. Beyond its economic value, Ofera also strengthens social cohesion, solidarity, and networking by upholding positive interdependence, which is crucial for community development. Given such economic and social values, the author recommends the woreda culture and tourism office to promote such homegrown institutions for a better future.