Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors are invited to make a submission to this journal. All submissions will be assessed by an editor to determine whether they meet the aims and scope of this journal. Those considered to be a good fit will be sent for peer review before determining whether they will be accepted or rejected.

Before making a submission, authors are responsible for obtaining permission to publish any material included with the submission, such as photos, documents and datasets. All authors identified on the submission must consent to be identified as an author. Where appropriate, research should be approved by an appropriate ethics committee in accordance with the legal requirements of the study's country.

An editor may desk reject a submission if it does not meet minimum standards of quality. Before submitting, please ensure that the study design and research argument are structured and articulated properly. The title should be concise and the abstract should be able to stand on its own. This will increase the likelihood of reviewers agreeing to review the paper. When you're satisfied that your submission meets this standard, please follow the checklist below to prepare your submission.

Writing Style and Page Layout

Manuscripts submitted to Mekelle University Journal of Business and Development should be written in Microsoft Word format with Time New Romans 11 font size and single-spaced. Page layout should be A4 format and margins should be 1cm for all sides of the page. Page numbers should be located on the right bottom side of the paper. The manuscripts which are not suitable for the conditions related to the formatting are returned back to the author(s) without sending to the referees.

Length and Format of the texts

 Length

The total length of any manuscript submitted for publication should not exceed 10,000 words including tables, appendices and references. However, longer papers can be taken into evaluation process, if Editors and/or Editorial Board approve.

Title Page

The title (cover) page must contain the following information;

• The title of the manuscript
• The name of the author(s)
• Institutional affiliation(s) of the author(s)
• Full contact information of author(s) (address, phone, e-mail etc…),
• Type of article (Research, Review, Case Study, …etc.,)
• Any acknowledgments the authors care to make.

The title of the manuscript should be written in bold (first letters in capital letters) and in the center of the page. Also name and contact information (address, phone numbers, e-mail etc..) of author(s) should be written in the center of the page.

When the authors include more than one researcher, a person responsible for correspondence with the Editorial Office of the Journal should be indicated. If corresponding author is not indicated, the Editorial Board will contact with the author who submitted the manuscript to the Journal.

The title page should be saved separately from the blinded manuscript and uploaded to system as a separate file.

Blinded Manuscript

The manuscript file includes the parts of the study. No author’s details should be present within this file. A manuscript submitted to the Journal should include the following parts;

• Title,
• Abstract, keywords and JEL codes,
• Introduction,
• Main text,
• Conclusions,
• End notes (if there is any),
• References and
• Appendices (if there is any).

Title of the Manuscript

The main heading of the manuscript should be suitable for the content and it should consist of 12 words at the most. The title of the manuscript should be written in bold (first letters in capital letters) and in the center of the page. 

Abstract, Keywords and JEL Codes

Manuscript should include an abstract at the beginning of the article. The abstracts should concisely present the aim or the purpose of the study, the methodology, the results, and the conclusion remarks. The length of each abstract should be minimum 150 words and maximum 200 words. References are not cited within the structured abstracts and the abstracts must not contain abbreviations. Five (5) keywords that are important and relevant to your manuscript should be written at the end of the abstract. The keywords should be listed alphabetically.

The manuscript should also contain at least two classification codes according to the Classification System for Journal Articles as used by the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), in addition to the keywords.

Main Text and Section Headings

The main text should be in Microsoft Calibri with 11 pt. The whole main text should be justified. Paragraph spacing before and after a single paragraph should be given. The first line of the paragraph is to be shifted by 1 cm from the left margin. Headings and sub-headings of the manuscript should be numbered as 1., 1.1., 1.1.1. in hierarchical numbers. The headings should be partitioned not more than 3 levels. The sub-heading after level 3 should be written italic and bold. The headings should be numbered beginning from the Introduction, without the exception of References. All heading should be written bold but only the first letters should be capital. Before a heading and after a heading one (1) line interval should be given.

The main text at least should cover the following contents: materials and methods, results, discussion and conclusions or conclusions and recommendations. 

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively, as Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, and Tables and figures should be placed where they are most appropriate in the text. The titles of the tables and figures should be placed at the heading of the table or figures, and references belonging to table or figure should be under them. The figures and tables with their names should be centered in the text. In the tables and figures, the font size may be 9 pt at least. Figures and tables should be separated from the text by one-line interval. Complex and long tables or data can be put at the end of the study as appendixes.

Mathematical Notations and Equations

Mathematical equations in the text should be centered. Equations should be numbered consecutively and equation numbers should appear in parentheses at the right margin. Between an equation and text there should be one-line interval.

Citation

Citations in the text should be made using the link method according to the APA (American Psychological Association) citation style. In-text citations, the author’s last name, date of the publication, the number of the quoted pages (if there is a specific quote from a source used) should be mentioned. If the name of the referred author is given within the text, then only the publication date should be written. If there are two authors the surnames of both should be given. When there are 3-5 authors in the cited source, surnames of all authors should be listed in text for the first citations. Afterwards, only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.” should be written. When there are six or more authors, only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.” should be written for the first and subsequent citations. When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year, these are distinguished by adding lower case letters (a,b,c, etc.) after the year and within the parentheses. For multiple references, the citations should be ordered chronologically and separated them with semicolons.

Examples of Citations in the Text

• Approximately 40% of the trade between the EU and the US is between parent companies and foreign subsidiaries (Stewart, 1993).
• There are three strategic objectives of international transfer pricing (Hoshower & Mandel, 1986: 53)
• Hoshower and Mandel (1986: 53) stated that there were three strategic objectives of international transfer pricing.
• Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) shows no statistically meaningful relationship between systematic risk (beta) and returns (Fama & French, 1996a, 1996b).
• There is a relationship between customer satisfaction and profitability (Anderson, Fornell, & Lehmann, 1994). Anderson et al. (1994) found that highly satisfied customers were willing to pay premium prices.
• Bilici, Mete, Soylu, Bekaroglu and Kavakci (1998) investigated the association between the level of burnout and demographic factors. Bilici et al. (1998) found that demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and marital status contributed to academic burnout.
• The results of prior studies have confirmed the hypothesis that high job satisfaction is associated with low burnout (Dolan, 1987; Penn, Romano, & Foat, 1988; Rocca & Konstanski, 2001; Sobreques et. al., 2003).

Footnotes and Endnotes

Explanations in the main text should be given at the end of the article before references section, and they should be written in order.

References

The list of references should be presented in alphabetical order at the end of the manuscript. Each citation in text should be listed in the References section, and references which are not cited in text should not be written in the References section. If the author referred to more than one publication from the same source, the oldest publication should be listed first. If the author referred to more than one publication from the same source published in the same year, the publications should be numbered using the letters a,b,c…, as citation in the text. If one author’s several publications, some with one with two or more authors, are referred to, the publications with one author should be written first. Page numbers of articles published in the journals and chapters in the edited books should be written.

Examples of reference formats are shown below.

Journals/Periodicals

• Hoshower, L. B., & Mandel, L. (1986). Transfer pricing policies of US-based multinationals. The International Journal of Accounting, 22(1), 51-59.
• Fama, E., & French, K. (1996a). Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies. Journal of Finance, 51, 55-84.
• Fama, E., & French, K. (1996b). The CAPM is wanted, dead or alive. Journal of Finance, 54, 1947-1958.
• Anderson, E.W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D.R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 53–66.
• Sobreques, J., Cebria, J., Segura, J., Rodriguez, C., Garcia, M., & Juncosa, S. (2003). Job satisfaction and burnout in general practitioners. Aten Primaria, 31(4), 227-33.
• Books
• Blank, L., & Tarquin, A. (2002). Engineering economy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Dayananda, D., Irons, R., Harrison, S., Herbohn, J., & Rowland, P. (2002). Capital budgeting: Financial appraisal of investment projects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Books

Kidanemariam, G.G. and Makina, D. (2019). Macroeconomic Determinants of Financial Inclusion: Evidence Using Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. In Extending financial inclusion in Africa.   In D. Makina (Ed.) , (pp. 167-190)185-196). USA, ELSEVIER, Academic press. 

Internet Sources

• Computer and Internet Security. (2000). Retrieved March 24, 2002, from http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/internet/security.html
• Internet stocks: Valuations and trading strategy (2000). Retrieved March 25, 2006, from http://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~charvey/Teaching/BA453_2000/Dbc/Dbc.doc
• Mun, J. (2006). Real options and Monte Carlo simulation versus traditional DCF valuation in Layman’s term. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://www.crystalball.com/articles/download/ro-vs-dcf.pdf

Other Sources

Sudarsanam, S., Sorwar, G., & Marr, B. (2003, October). Valuation of intellectual capital and real option models. PMA Intellectual Capital Symposium.

Yılmaz, B. (2003). Turkey’s competitiveness in the European Union: A Comparison with five candidate countries – Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the EU15. Ezoneplus Working Paper No. 12.

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.