Epidemiology of Mange Mite Infestation in Small Ruminants in Arsi Negele, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to 2020 to estimate the prevalence of mange mites’ infestation on small ruminants, sheep and goats and to identify associated risk factors in a selected District of Arsi Negele, Oromia, Ethiopia. Laboratory examinations were performed on a total of 384 animals, comprising 215 sheep and 169 goats. The overall prevalence of mange mite infestation was 3.13%, with 2.96% of goats and 3.26% of sheep affected. Four species of mange mites, belonging to two genera, were identified: Demodex caprae (2.08%), Demodex ovis (2.08%), Sarcoptes scabiei caprae (1.0%), and Sarcoptes scabiei ovis (1.0%). The Demodex genus was more prevalent in the study area compared to Sarcoptes. Mange mite infestation was significantly higher in small ruminants with poor body condition compared to those in medium or good condition (P<0.05), highlighting the role of malnutrition and weakened immunity in susceptibility to infestations. Despite the low overall prevalence observed, the findings underscore the importance of maintaining regular acaricide treatment, enhancing animal nutrition, and adopting better husbandry practices to prevent future outbreaks. Given the potential economic and welfare implications, even at low infestation levels, implementing strategic control measures remains crucial. Furthermore, awareness campaigns targeting livestock owners, animal health extension workers, and veterinary professionals are recommended to support early detection, proper treatment, and long-term prevention of mange mite infestations.